下面是GitHub最常用的Git命令总结：
SETUP Configuring user information used across all local repositories 配置适用于所有本地存储库的用户信息 git config --global user.name "[firstname lastname]" set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history git config --global user.email "[valid-email]" set an email address that will be associated with each history marker git config --global color.ui auto set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
SETUP & INIT Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories 配置用户信息，初始化和克隆存储库 git init initialize an existing directory as a Git repository git clone [url] retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL
STAGE & SNAPSHOT Working with snapshots and the Git staging area 快照和Git暂存区 git status show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit git add [file] add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage) git reset [file] unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory git diff diff of what is changed but not staged git diff --staged diff of what is staged but not yet commited git commit -m "[descriptive message]" commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
BRANCH & MERGE Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes 分支和合并。分支隔离、改变上下文和集成修改 git branch list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch git branch [branch-name] create a new branch at the current commit git checkout switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory git merge [branch] merge the specified branch’s history into the current one git log show all commits in the current branch’s history
INSPECT & COMPARE Examining logs, diffs and object information 检查和比较。检查日志、版本差异和对象信息 git log show the commit history for the currently active branch git log branchB..branchA show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB git log --follow [file] show the commits that changed file, even across renames git diff branchB...branchA show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB git show [SHA] show any object in Git in human-readable format
TRACKING PATH CHANGES Versioning file removes and path changes 跟踪路径修改。版本文件修改和路径修改 git rm [file] delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit git mv [existing-path] [new-path] change an existing file path and stage the move git log --stat -M show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved
IGNORING PATTERNS Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files 忽略不需要提交的文件。以防止无意的暂存或文件提交 logs/ .notes pattern/ Save a file with desired paterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs. git config --global core.excludesfile [file] system wide ignore patern for all local repositories
SHARE & UPDATE Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos 从另一个存储库获取更新并更新本地存储库 git remote add [alias] [url] add a git URL as an alias git fetch [alias] fetch down all the branches from that Git remote git merge [alias]/[branch] merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date git push [alias] [branch] Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch git pull fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch
REWRITE HISTORY Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history 重写分支、更新提交和清除历史 git rebase [branch] apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one git reset --hard [commit] clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit
TEMPORARY COMMITS Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches 保存临时修改的文件 git stash Save modified and staged changes git stash list list stack-order of stashed file changes git stash pop write working from top of stash stack git stash drop discard the changes from top of stash stack